Wednesday, 28 September – 1 st Quarter Regular Sessions (08:30 – 10:15)

Lomond Auditorium

We1.2 – Transmission Impairment and Optical Mitigation Techniques
Chair: Mattias Berger , Lucent Technologies Network Systems GmbH, Germany

We1.2.1 08:30 – 09:00
Invited - Optical Single Channel Dispersion Compensation Devices and their Application
G Shabtay, D Mendlovic, Y Itzhar, Civcom, Israel
We present a standard butterfly packaged tunable optical dispersion compensator capable of introducing different dispersion values and having less than 2dB insertion loss. Experimental results demonstrate the chromatic dispersion compensation capabilities for different scenarios.

We1.2.2 09:00 – 09:15
Additional All-Optical Decision Element Improving the Performance of Band-Limited Receivers in RZ Systems
P Ghelfi , A Bogoni and L Potì, Photonic Network National Laboratory – CNIT, Italy, M Scaffardi, M Secondini , CEIRC - Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Italy, F Fresi , M F Matchouani , Pisa University , Italy
Benefits due to an all-optical decision element improving the performance of conventional band-limited receivers in RZ systems are investigated. BER measurements for different signal bandwidths and received signal-to-noise ratios confirm the effectiveness of the solution.

We1.2.3 09:15 – 09:30
Real-time Monitoring and Fast Adaptive Compensation of Chromatic Dispersion in a 40Gbps Optical Cross-Connect Network
Y Hirota , Y Takushima , University of Tokyo , Japan S Matsumoto, K Yoshiara , Mitsubishi Electric Corp. , Japan
We develop a simple, accurate in-service dispersion monitor by using a dithered optical bandpass filter. We successfully demonstrate the adaptive dispersion compensation with 300-msec recovery time in a 40 Gbps photonic network.

We1.2.4 09:30 – 09:45
Compensation of Multimode Fibre Dispersion using Adaptive Optics
X Shen , J M Kahn , M A Horowitz , Stanford University , United States
Adaptive optics (AO) is used to compensate modal dispersion in multimode fibre. Transmission of 10 Gb/s NRZ data through standard 50-micron fibres up to 11.1 km long is demonstrated.

We1.2.5 09:45 – 10:00
5.94 Tb/s Capacity of a Multichannel Tunable –700 to –1200 ps/nm Dispersion Compensator
A Hidayat, A Fauzi Abas, D Sandel, S Bhandare, H Zhang, F Wüst , B Milivojevic, R Noé, University of Paderborn, Germany, M Lapointe, Y Painchaud, M Guy, TeraXion, Canada
The capacity limit of a thermally controlled Fibre Bragg grating-based chromatic dispersion compensator is investigated. An equivalent quasi error-free 5.94 Tb/s capacity is demonstrated when dispersion of up to 73.8 km of SSMF is compensated.

We1.2.6 10:00 – 10:15
Automatic Per-Packet Dynamic Power Equalisation in a 4 x 4 Active Vertical Coupler Optical Crosspoint Switch Matrix
S C Lee , R Varrazza , S Yu , University of Bristol , United Kingdom
Dynamic per-packet output power equalisation is demonstrated in an optical crosspoint packet switch, achieving response time of <100ns and output power levels within ±0.3dB for IPDR of 5 dB between consecutive optical packets

Argyll Suite

We1.3 – Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Chair: Mark Shtaif, Tel Aviv University, Israel

We1.3.1 08:30 – 08:45
43 Gbit/s SiGe Based Electronic Equaliser for PMD and Chromatic Dispersion Mitigation
B Franz, D Rösener, R Dischler, F Buchali, B Junginger, Alcatel Research & Innovation, Germany , T F Meister, K Aufinger, Infineon Technologies AG, Germany
A 0.18µm SiGe HBT based linear equaliser for 43 Gbit/s transmission has been realised showing an improvement of 60% of polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) DGD tolerance and of 50% of chromatic dispersion (CD) tolerance.

We1.3.2 08:45 – 09:00
Dispersion Compensation Module as a Polarisation Hinge
M Brodsky, N J Frigo, AT&T Labs Research, United States , A Sirenko, J C Martinez, NJIT, United States
We study polarisation rotations by a Dispersion Compensation Module responding to quasi-periodic room temperature oscillations. The rotations seems to have a functional temperature dependence on short timescales interupted by rather abrupt shifts occuring, on average, every month.

We1.3.3 09:00 – 09:15
A Statistical Theory of PMD-Induced Power Penalty
C Antonelli, A Mecozzi, University of L'Aquila , Italy , M Boroditsky, AT&T Labs Research , United States , K Cornick, University of Melbourne , Australia
We derive an analytical expression for the PMD-induced pulse broadening, given the PMD vector at centre frequency, and show it can be used for an accurate prediction of the experimentally observed PMD-induced power penalty.

We1.3.4 09:15 – 09:30
Modelling PMD-Induced System Penalties
K E Cornick, S Finch, P M Farrell, S D Dods, University of Melbourne , Australia, M Boroditsky, AT&T Laboratories - Research , United States
We evaluate the PMD-induced penalty prediction proposed by Winzer et al. and the string length method using experimental data and show that the major difference between the models is in the measurement requirements.

We1.3.5 09:30 – 09:45
Broadband PMD mitigation using a mid-span polarisation controller
M. Boroditsky, AT&T Labs Research , United States, C. Antonelli, A. Mecozzi, University of L'Aquila , Italy
We propose a broadband PMD mitigation technique for WDM systems based on a simple polarization rotator placed mid-span. We show that the PMD-induced penalty in telecommunication systems can be significantly reduced.

We1.3.6 09:45 – 10:00
Improved PMD Tolerance in Systems Using Enhanced Forward Error Correction through Distributed Fast Polarisation Scrambling
X Liu, C R Giles, X Wei, C Xie, L Möller, A J van Wijngaarden, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies , United States , Y-H Kao, Optical Networking Group, Lucent Technologies , United States
We demonstrate that distributed fast polarisation scramblers in a differential phase-shift keying transmission system with an enhanced forward error correction code outperforms the standard Reed-Solomon code and improves the polarisation-mode dispersion tolerance by 140%.

We1.3.7 10:00 – 10:15
System Penalties Induced by Second-Order Polarisation Mode Dispersion
C Xie , L Möller , Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies , United States
We show that PCD causes larger penalties than depolarisation and depolarisation induced penalties are also dependent on 1st-order PMD. Moreover, the input polarisation states that give maximum and minimum penalties change with the depolarisation value.

Fouth Room

We1.4 – Optical Packet Switching II
Chair: Keren Bergman, Columbia University, United States

We1.4.1 08:30 - 09:00

Invited - 160Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype with Variable-Length Packet BER and Loss Real-time Measurement
N Wada, H Furukawa, T Miyazaki, NICT , Japan K Fujinuma, T Wada, Anritsu Co. , Japan
A 160Gbit/s/port optical packet switch prototype with narrow-band optical code-label processing, optical switching, optical buffering, electrical scheduling, optical MUX/DEMUX, and variable-length packet BER and loss real-time measuring is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.

We1.4.2 09:00 – 09:15
A QoS Optical Packet-Switching System for Metro WDM Networks
M C Yuang, J Shih, S S W Lee, Yu-Min Lin, J J Chen, Po L Tien, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
The paper presents the architecture/experimentation of a 10-Gb/s QoS-enabled almost-all-optical packet switching system (QOPS) for metro WDM networks. Facilitated with downsized optical buffers and optical packet pre-emption, QOPS achieves superior packet-loss probability and QoS differentiation.

We1.4.3 09:15 – 09:30
Hybrid IP/Optical Packet Transceiver Mechanism for Wavelength Routed Asynchronous Optical Packet Switched Networks
R Nejabati , D Klonidis , D Simeonidou , M O'Mahony , University of Essex , United Kingdom
This paper presents a novel architecture for an edge optical packet router. An IP/optical packet transceiver mechanism performing class based optical packet transmission as well as receiving asynchronous and variable length optical packets is demonstrated.

We1.4.4 09:30 – 09:45
Dynamic Injection Control Module for Optical Packet Switching Fabrics
A Shacham , B G Lee , K Bergman , Columbia University , United States
A novel module that mediates packet injection into optical packet switching fabrics in the presence of contentions is presented. Functionality and design are discussed, and correct operation is verified for WDM packets with 12x10Gb/s data.

We1.4.5 09:45 – 10:00
Demonstration of OCDMA Traffic over Optical Packet Switching Networks with PLC and SSFBG En/decoders for Time Domain OC Processing
X Wang, N Wada , National Institute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT) , Japan
The transmission of coherent optical-CDMA (OCDMA) traffic over optical-code-based optical packet switching (OPS) network has been proposed and successfully demonstrated in experiment with hybrid using PLC and super structured-FBG as label and OCDMA encoder /decoders.

We1.4.6 10:00 – 10:15
Cross-Channel Interference Due to Wavelength Switching Events in Wavelength Packed Switched WDM Networks
E Connolly, A Kaszubowska-Anandarajh, L P Barry, Dublin City University
Ireland, J Dunne, T Mullane, D McDonald, Intune Technologies Ltd. , Ireland
Investigation of the cross-channel interference in wavelength packet switched networks is presented. The results show that the output of a Tuneable Laser needs to be correctly attenuated during the switching event in order to avoid system performance degradation.

Alsh Room

We1.5 – Wavelength Conversion and Parallel Optics
Chair: Ian White , Cambridge University, United Kingdom

We1.5.1 08:30 – 08:45
A Novel Monolithically Integrated Mach-Zehnder Wavelength Converter Using Cross Modulation in Electro-Absorber
Y Du, T Tekin, R G Broeke, N Chubun, C Ji, J Cao, S J B Yoo, University of California, Davis , United States, K Y Liou, J R Lothian, S Vatanapradit, S N G Chu, B Patel, W S Hobson, D V Tishinin, W T Tsang, Multiplex, Inc , United States
We present a novel monolithically integrated all-optical MZI switch for wavelength conversion consisting of MQW based electro-absorbers. The device has the potential of providing low noise and high-speed wavelength conversion.

We1.5.2 08:45 – 09:00
All-Optical 2R Regenerative Wavelength Conversion of 40 Gbit/s RZ Data using Electro-Absorption Modulator with Shifted Band-Pass Filter
N El Dahdah , B Charbonnier , R Coquillé , M Joindot , E Pincemin , France Telecom R&D , France
We report 2R regenerative wavelength converter based on an electro-absorption modulator assisted by a shifted band-pass filter. We show an improvement of the signal quality after 400 km transmission at 40 Gbit/s.

We1.5.3 09:00 – 09:15
Performance Assessment of 1310 to 1550 nm Wavelength Conversion
J P Turkiewicz , J J Vegas Olmos , G D Khoe, H de Waardt , Eindhoven University of Technology , The Netherlands
We report on all-optical 1310 to 1550 nm wavelength conversion and NRZ-to-RZ data format conversion based on nonlinear polarisation rotation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier.

We1.5.4 09:15 – 09:30
160 Gbit/s Wavelength Conversion Using Ultra-fast Dynamics in an SOA
Y Liu , E Tangdiongga , Z Li , S Zhang , H de Waardt , G D Khoe , H J S Dorren , Eindhoven University of Technology , The Netherlands
We demonstrate 3 ps recovery in an SOA-based system assisted by an optical bandpass filter. This concept is utilised to achieve error-free 160 Gbit/s optical wavelength conversion.

We1.5.5 09:30 - 10:00
Invited - "Terabus" - A Waveguide-Based Parallel Optical Interconnect for Tb/s-Class On-Board Data Transfers in Computer Systems
L Schares, C Schow, F Doany, C Schuster, J Kash, D Kuchta, P Pepeljugoski, J Schaub, J Trewhella, C Baks, R John, L Shan, S Hedge, Y Kwark, D Rogers, F Libsch, R Budd, P Chiniwalla, J Rosner, C Tsang, C Patel, D Kucharski, D Guckenberger, IBM-Research , United States, R Dangel, B Offrein, IBM-Research , Switzerland, M Tan, G Trott, M Nystrom, A Tandon, C K Lin, D Dolfi, Agilent Technologies , United States
Technologies for Tb/s-class optical links are demonstrated, including an organic card with 48 integrated waveguides and a silicon-carrier interposer. 4x12-array optical transmitters and receivers operate up to 20Gb/s and 14Gb/s per channel, respectively, with <10mW-per-Gb/s link-power dissipation.

We1.5.6 10:00 – 10:15
Compact Low-Cost Four-Channel × 10Gbit/s Parallel Optical Transceiver for Short-Distance Optical Interconnections
T Ban , R Mita , Y Matsuoka , M Shishikura , Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory , Japan
We developed a four-channel × 10-Gbit/s parallel optical transceiver, with a volume of only 3.2 cc. The fabricated transceiver was operated at 10 Gbit/s per channel and successfully demonstrated error-free 100-m transmissions using conventional multi-mode Fibres.

Boisdale Room

We1.6 – Tutorial Session

We1.6 08:30 – 09:30
Ultrafast Transmission Technology
R. Ludwig, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Berlin, Germany

To satisfy the demand for more transmission capacity, the fibre capacity is expanded by increasing both the number of wavelength channels (WDM) and the time-division multiplexed bit rate (TDM) per WDM-channel. Transmission distances of more than 10000 km with an aggregate data rate of more than 3 Tbit/s have been demonstrated using a channel rate of 10 Gbit/s. On the other hand high TDM bit rates are attractive because in the past it was more cost effective to boost the transmission capacity by increasing the channel speed than by using WDM. However, this only holds true up to a certain limit given by the equipment available and the additional challenges due to the high speed. Presently, 40 Gbit/s systems based on Electrical TDM are commercially available and laboratory systems up to 80 Gbit/s have been demonstrated. The next generation TDM bit rate will be 160 Gbit/s. As electrical signal processing at this data rate is not available at present, transmission using Optical TDM technology is investigated. OTDM data rates beyond 1 Tbit/s have been already demonstrated. Recently, 160 Gbit/s and 640 Gbit/s transmission experiments were reported using Differential Phase-Shift Keying modulation format with balanced detection. As compared to OOK, this scheme offers a 3 dB improvement in receiver sensitivity. Combined with Raman amplification it enables 160 Gbit/s transmission over several thousand kilometres of dispersion managed fibre. Also first experiments using Differential Quaternary Phase-Shift Keying have been shown which doubles the bit rate for a given symbol rate.

In this tutorial, we review the components, techniques and characteristics of recent ultrahigh speed transmission systems.

Reinhold Ludwig was born in 1952 in Lahnstein, GERMANY. He received the Ing.grad. degree from the Fachhochschule Kobenz in 1974 and the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degrees from the Technical University Berlin in 1985 and 1993.

In 1985 he joined the Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI) Berlin, where he is involved in research on photonic components and systems.

He worked as a visiting scientist at Nippon Telephone &Telegraph Co.(NTT), Japan in 1991 and at Bell Labs, USA in 1993. Since 1985 he authored and coauthored more than 300 scientific papers and holds several patents.

In 1996 he founded the first HHI spin-off company, LKF Advanced Optics GmbH, and served as CEO until the merger of LKF and u2t Innovative Optoelectronic Components GmbH in 2001.

In 1999 his group recieved the Philip-Morris-Science Award and he was nominated for the Innovation Award of the German Bundespraesident.

Dr. Ludwig is a member of the VDE.

Wednesday, 28 September – 2 nd Quarter Regular Sessions (10:45 – 12:30)

Lomond Auditorium

We2.2– High-Speed Transmission I
Chair: Andrew Ellis, UCC, Ireland

We2.2.1 10:45 - 11:15
Invited - 160 Gbit/s-based Field Transmission Experiments with Single-Polarisation RZ-DPSK Signals and Simple PMD Compensator
M D Daikoku , I M Morita , H T Tanaka , M Suzuki, KDDI R&D Laboratories Inc , Japan, T M Miyazaki , F Kubota, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan
Single-polarization 160 Gbit/s-based field transmission experiments have been successfully conducted. By utilizing 160 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK signals and a simple PMD compensator, single-channel transmission and 8 WDM transmission with 300 GHz channel spacing have been achieved over the inter-city 200 km SMF.

We2.2.2 11:15 – 11:30
8x85.4 Gbit/s WDM Field Transmission over 421 km SSMF Link Applying an 85.4 Gbit/s ETDM Receiver
K Schuh, B Junginger, E Lach, Alcatel Research & Innovation , Germany
S Vorbeck, R Leppla, M. Schneiders, T-Systems International GmbH , Germany
We report on 8x85.4 Gbit/s WDM field transmission over 421 km SSMF link in the DTAG network applying an 85.4 Gbit/s ETDM receiver. Error free operation is achieved for all WDM channels after fibre transmission.

We2.2.3 11:30 – 11:45
80 Gbit/s DPSK Transmission over 480 km Dispersion-managed Fibre with Balanced Detection ETDM Receiver
R Ludwig, C Schubert, S Ferber, C Börner, C Schmidt-Langhorst, H G Weber, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Germany, W S Lee, SHF Communication Technologies AG, Germany
We demonstrate 80 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK transmission with a balanced detection ETDM receiver operating at the full 80 Gbit/s line rate. Transmission performance is reported over 240 km and 480 km dispersion-managed Fibre.

We2.2.4 11:45 – 12:00
Implementation of an 80 GBit/s Full ETDM Multi-format ASK Optical Transmitter
W S Lee, V Filsinger, L Klapproth, SHF Communication Technologies AG , Germany, H-G Bach, A Beling, HHI , Germany
The feasibility of an 80 GBit/s multi-format ETDM transmitter using current high speed electronic ICs and electro-optic component technologies has been successfully demonstrated. Error-free operation using the RZ format was shown possible.

We2.2.5 12:00 – 12:15
Burst Switching Capability of Electro-optical PLL-Based Clock Recovery for 170 Gbit/s
C Boerner, R Ludwig, S Ferber, H G Weber, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Germany, S Weisser, A Benz, L Raddatz, Lucent Technologies, Germany
The burst switching capability of a PLL-based clock recovery with EAM-based differential phase-comparator is investigated. Stable locking performance was verified in a 170 Gbit/s DPSK transmission ring experiment.

We2.2.6 12:15 – 12:30
160-Gb/s Optical Demultiplexing with Enhanced Timing Margin by Unequally Aligning Pulse Position
F Futami , S Ono , S Watanabe, FUJITSU LABS, Japan
A novel optical time-division demultiplexing scheme enabling timing tolerance enhancement is proposed by using the unequally aligned pulse-position. Using phase modulation and a pulse-position change in dispersion material, 160-Gb/s demultiplexing is successfully demonstrated with timing tolerance enhancement of 2.4 ps.

Argyll Suite

We2.3 – Measurement Techniques
Chair : Mike O'Mahoney, University of Essex, UK

We2.3.1 10:45 – 11:00
An Accurate Optical Frequency Measurement System Using an Optical Frequency Comb and an Acetylene-Stabilised Laser
A Onae, F Hong, K Okumura, H Matsumoto, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, K Nakagawa, University of Electro-Communications, Japan, Y Tachikawa, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Japan
Combining an acetylene-stabilised laser with an optical frequency comb, we have developed an accurate frequency measurement system covering entire C-band with an uncertainty of 100 kHz -10 kHz, limited by reproducibility of the stabilised laser.

We2.3.2 11:00 – 11:15
Time-Resolved Waveform Measurement of High-Speed Phase-Modulated Optical Signals Using Self-Homodyne Interferometey
N Kikuchi , K Sekine , S Sasaki , Hitachi, Ltd. , Japan
We propose an optical eye pattern measurement technique of phase-modulated optical signals with high timing resolution applicable to multilevel signals and binary intensity-modulated signals generated by external modulators, for the first time, to our knowledge.

We2.3.3 11:15 – 11:30
Simple Autocorrelation Technique by Tuning a DGD Element and Measuring a Pulse's Degree-of-Polarisation
T Luo, C Yu, L S Yan, S Kumar, A E Willner, University of Southern California, United States, Z Pan, University of Louisiana, United States, S Yao, General Photonics Co, United States
We demonstrate a simple optical-Fibre-based autocorrelator based on degree-of-polarisation measurement while tuning a DGD element. The pulse widths of 20~80 GHz pulse trains and 2-ps pulses generated by a mode-lock laser are accurately measured.

We2.3.4 11:30 – 11:45
Time-Resolved Measurements of Q-factor in 560-km Transmission Link with Transient Control Amplifiers
A V Turukhin, D Al-Salameh, E Gonzales, S Lumish, JDS Uniphase Corporation , United States, P M Krummrich, L Rapp, Siemens AG , Germany
For the first time, we report time-resolved measurements of Q-factor in 560-km transmission link with transient control amplifiers. Using transient Q-factor, we evaluate effectiveness of the amplifiers' transient control in terms of ultimate system performance.

We2.3.5 11:45 – 12:00
High Quality Pulse and Device Characterisation Using EAM-Based Frequency Resolved Optical Gating
M A F Roelens, P Petropoulos, D J Richardson, University of Southampton , United Kingdom, M Forzati, A Djupsjöbacka, A Berntson, Acreo AB, Sweden
We report on the versatility of frequency resolved optical gating using an electro-absorption modulator to accurately characterise the pulse shape and phase of high speed telecommunication pulses, as well as properties of optical components.

We2.3.6 12.00 - 12.30
Invited - Measuring the intensity and phase of 1.5-µm ultrashort laser pulses
S Akturk, X Gu, R Trebino, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
We have extended FROG to measure the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses at ~1.5 micron. We employ the highly dispersive, high conversion efficiency, nonlinear crystal Proustite in this experimentally ultrasimple, few-element FROG device.

Forth Room

We2.4 – All-Optical Regeneration and Processing
Chair – Eugenio Iannone, Pirelli Labs and Pirelli Telecom Systems, Italy

We2.4.1 10:45 – 11:00
An All-Optical Regenerator that Discriminates Noise from Signal
M Rochette , J L Blows , B J Eggleton , University of Sydney , Australia
We explain the mechanisms of bit error ratio (BER) improvement in the Mamyshev regenerator. This regenerator removes noise from the data stream, in contrast with other regeneration schemes that compress noise.

We2.4.2 11:00 – 11:15
Triple 640km Cascade of Tuneable All Optical Regenerators in a 10Gb/s WDM Field Trial Over 160km Per
Span Distance in MCI's Metro Network
D Chen, TJ Xia, G Wellbrock , MCI , United States, G B Davis, Optovia , United States, S B Ezra, S Tsadka , Kailight , United States
We demonstrated a Tunable-All-Optical-Signal-Regenerator based on a SOA incorporated in a Sagnac-loop for performing 10-Gb/s-WDM 2-R signal regeneration. Triple 640km cascading 2-Rs and hybrid EDFA/Raman amplifier over 160km per span at total 1920km field Fibre.

We2.4.3 11:15 – 11:30
Integrated All-Optical Regenerator in Chalcogenide Glass
M Rochette , V G Ta'eed , D J Moss , L B Fu , M Shokooh-Saremi , I C Littler , BJ Eggleton , University of Sydney , Australia, Y Ruan , B Luther-Davies , Australian National University , Australia
We report a fully integrated, passive, all-optical regenerator based in As2S3 chalcogenide glass that exhibits a nonlinear power transfer curve with 1.9ps optical pulses at peak in-waveguide powers below 80W.

We2.4.4 11:30 – 11:45
40Gb/s All-Optical Shift Register Using Hybrid Integrated Optical Logic Gate
R McDougall, A Poustie, G Maxwell, B Harmon, J Reed, P Townley, M Harlow, I Lealman, L Rivers, Centre for Integrated Photonics , United Kingdom
A 40Gb/s all-optical shift register is demonstrated using a hybrid Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an inverting feedback loop. Previously reported data rate limitations using counter-propagating switching pulses are overcome using a push-pull scheme.

We2.4.5 11:45 – 12:00
All-Optical SOA-based Packet Detection for Packet-Rate Synchronisation
P Bakopoulos, D Tsiokos, D Apostolopoulos, D Petrantonakis, E Kehayas, H Avramopoulos, National Technical University of Athens , Greece
We demonstrate a simple all-optical technique to detect the beginning of a packet for packet-rate synchronisation. It employs a packet clock recovery unit and a SOA and it requires no special data encoding to operate.

We2.4.6 12:00 – 12:15
Optical Timing Jitter Transfer Characteristics of a 40Gb/s Hybrid Integrated SOA-Mach-Zehnder Interferometer All-optical Regenerator
A Poustie, R Wyatt, R McDougall, G Maxwell , Centre for Integrated Photonics , United Kingdom , B R Hemenway, Corning , United States
The optical jitter transfer characteristics are measured for a S0A-MZI all-optical regenerator operated in 2R and 3R mode. A tenfold reduction in timing jitter is demonstrated with controllable jitter applied to the input optical data.

We2.4.7 12:15 – 12:30
All Optical Regeneration by Cross Gain Compression in Semiconductor Amplifiers
G Contestabile , R Proietti , N Calabretta , E Ciaramella , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Italy
We demonstrate the regenerative properties of Cross Gain Compression between two logical inverted signals in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. Simultaneous wavelength conversion and wavelength-preserving regeneration of degraded 10 Gb/s signals are reported

Alsh Room

We2.5 – Dispersion in Fibres
Chair – Lars Grüner-Nielsen, OFS Denmark, Denmark

We2.5.1 10:45 – 11:00
Low Residual, Large Effective Area Dispersion Compensation Fibre
W A Wood , R B Desorcie, Corning Incorporated , United States , K W Bennett , Avanex Corporation , United States
A novel single-mode dispersion compensation Fibre (DCF) is fabricated and characterised. Designed to compensate a low-kappa (~50 nm) non-zero dispersion shifted Fibre, this DCF achieves record low untrimmed C-band residual dispersion and large effective area.

We2.5.2 11:00 – 11:15
Grating Superposition Encoded into a Phase Mask for Efficient Fabrication of Dispersion Slope Compensators
Y Painchaud , M Poulin , M Morin , TeraXion , Canada
A dispersion slope compensator based on a Fibre Bragg grating is reported. The multi-channel character is achieved through a grating superposition encoded into a phase mask. Large channel-to-channel dispersion variations are achieved while keeping the channel passband uniform.

We2.5.3 11:15 – 11:30
Multi-Channel Tunable Chromatic Dispersion Compensator and Profiler
S Doucet, S LaRochelle, Laval University , Canada M Morin, TeraXion inc. , Canada
We present a novel multi-channel tunable chromatic dispersion compensator based on complex fibre Bragg gratings with compensation range of ±1600ps/nm and channel bandwidth of 30GHz. The proposed device allows tuning of the channel-to-channel dispersion profile.

We2.5.4 11:30 – 11:45
In-line Dispersion Compensation Free WDM Transmission with Low-slope Non-zero Dispersion-shifted Fibre for Introduction of 40-Gbit/s
M Tanaka, K Makihara, K Sohma, K Matsushita, T Okuno, T Sasaki, E Sasaoka, M Onishi, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. , Japan
A transmission line with 240km of low-slope non-zero dispersion-shifted fibre is proved to enable cost effective upgrade from a completely dispersion compensation free 10-Gbit/s WDM system to an in-line dispersion compensation free 40-Gbit/s WDM system.

We2.5.5 11:45 – 12:00
Experimental Investigation of Inter-Band Raman Effect on S+L Band Non-Dispersion-Compensated WDM Transmission over Ultra Low Slope NZ-DSF
Y Emori, N Kumano, K Mukasa, R Sugizaki , M Sakano, Furukawa Electric , Japan, L E Nelson, OFS Laboratories , United States
For 70 S+L-band signals with 0-dBm/ch launch power into 104-km Fibre with 44-um2 effective area in S-band, 40 L-band signals caused 3-dB increase in span loss and 0.2-dB crosstalk penalty at the shortest-wavelength S-band channel.

We2.5.6 12:00 – 12:15
On-Spool PMD Estimation Method for Low PMD Fibres with High Repeatability by Local DGD Measurement Using POTDR
R G Goto , S M Matuso , K H Himeno , K O Ohashi , Fujikura Ltd. , Japan
We propose an estimation method of PMD for low PMD fibres by local DGD measurement using polarisation-OTDR, based on spatially resolved Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis. We also demonstrate this method is applicable to on-spool fibres.

We2.5.7 12:15 – 12:30
Chromatic Dispersion Insensitive PMD Monitor without Fast Electronics
J L Blows , P Hu , I C M Littler , M Rochette , B J Eggleton , The University of Sydney , Australia
We demonstrate polarisation-mode-dispersion monitoring that is chromatic dispersion independent, without fast electronics, for a 40 Gb/s CS-RZ signal. This breakthrough, provided by nonlinear optics, allows dynamic polarisation-mode-dispersion compensation of ultrafast 160 Gb/s networks.

Boisdale Room

We2.6 – Special Session

We2.6.1 10:45 - 11:15
Invited - Advanced Topics in Optics
J Pendry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

We2.6.2 11:15 – 12:15
Invited - Tutorial – Introduction to Quantum Communications
S Barnett, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom

What do optical communications look like when we get down to one photon (or less) per bit? From a classical perspective we expect to encounter problems with losses due to absorption and/or scattering and with noise corrupting our signals. We also enter a regime in which the quantum nature of light cannot be ignored and the rules of quantum theory allow us to perform operations without analogue in the classical world.

The elementary unit of classical information is the bit , the physical implementation of which is a physical system with two distinct physical states. In quantum theory the two states of a quantum bit, or qubit , are associated with orthogonal wave functions (or state vectors). The superposition principle for probability amplitudes, however, means that we can also prepare the qubit in a superposition of these states. A simple example is the polarisation of a single photon, which can be prepared with linear, circular or elliptical polarisation.

A single photon is indivisible and for this reason, we can only perform a limited range of measurements. Moreover, we cannot copy quantum information, which means that we cannot reliably replicate the polarisation state of our photon. These features are responsible for the security of quantum key distribution.

When we have two or more photons we can create the mysterious entangled states , made famous in the EPR paradox. Creating and manipulating these allows us to perform quantum magic tricks, encode more than one bit of information on a single photon and to perform ‘teleportation'.

Stephen Barnett studied physics at Imperial College London, graduating with a B.Sc. in 1982 and a Ph.D. in 1985. He has been at the University of Strathclyde since 1991 where he is currently Professor of Quantum Optics. Throughout his career he has specialised in quantum theory and especially in quantum optics. He is best known for his work with David Pegg on quantum optical phase and in particular for the discovery of the optical phase operator. This work was recognised by the Institute of Physics by the award of the Maxwell Medal for theoretical physics. He is the author of nearly two hundred research papers as well as the books “Methods in Theoretical Quantum Optics” with Paul Radmore and “Optical Angular Momentum” with Les Allen and Miles Padgett. His current research interests include optical angular momentum, Bose Einstein condensation and, of course, quantum information and communications. At present he is writing an “Introduction to Quantum Information” for Oxford University Press.

Wednesday, 28 September – 3 rd Quarter Regular Sessions (14:00 – 15:45)

Clyde Auditorium

We3.1– Tutorial Session

We3.1 14:00 – 15:00
Optical Fibres Using Microstructure Optical Materials

J Knight, University of Bath, UK

Since the early 1990s researchers in optics and photonics have been galvanised by the recognition that we do not have to be content with the optical materials provided to us by nature. Instead, we can now design and fabricate a variety of structured materials that have optical properties, which were unthinkable just a few years ago. The existence of photonic bandgaps in 2- and 3-dimensionally periodic materials is an example of the new physics to be found in such artificial materials, the extreme dispersion that can be obtained is another. A field in which these changes have had far-reaching implications is that of fibre optics: a few years ago, detailed descriptions of available fibre types were available in any number of excellent textbooks: now, new structures and sometimes surprising new results are spilling into optical and applications laboratories at a startling rate, extending and sometimes overturning our understanding of what an optical fibre is and does.

This tutorial will provide a primer on photonic crystal and microstructured optical fibres. It will cover the relevant optical physics and some fabrication technologies, and describe some application areas for these fibres. It will conclude with a résumé of some of the latest results and current research directions.

Jonathan Knight is currently Director of the Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials at the University of Bath. He obtained his PhD on whispering-gallery-mode microlasers at the University of Cape Town, and did postdoctoral work at the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel in Paris and at the Optoelectronics Research Centre in Southampton. While at Southampton he designed and fabricated the first functioning photonic crystal fibre waveguide. Since moving to Bath in 1996 he has worked on developing a range of novel optical fiber structures based on microstructured materials, and has been involved in a number of key demonstrations. These include the first photonic bandgap fibre and the first working single-mode hollow-core fibre. He was a co-founder of Blazephotonics, spun out from the University of Bath in 2001. Current research activities include Kerr nonlinearities in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres, all-solid microstructured and photonic crystal fibres formed from silica and silicate glasses, and the extension of fibre optics into new wavelength regimes.

Lomond Auditorium

We3.2.1 14:00 – 14:30
Invited - Long Haul Field Transmission Experiment of 8x170 Gbit/s over 421 km Installed Legacy SSMF Fibre Infrastructure
S Vorbeck, M Schmidt, R Leppla, W Weiershausen, M Schneiders, T-Systems International GmbH , Germany, E Lach, Alcatel Research & Innovation , Germany
We present a 8x170 Gbit/s DWDM/OTDM (1.28 Tbit/s) field transmission experiment over 421 km in commercially operated network of Deutsche Telekom. Stable transmission performance was achieved for all channels with BER < 2.8*10-4 using adaptive PMD compensation.

We3.2.2 14:30 – 14:45
640 Gbit/s DQPSK Single-channel Transmission over 480 km Fibre Link
S Ferber, C Schubert, R Ludwig, C Boerner, C Schmidt-Langhorst, H G Weber , Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut , Germany
We report error-free transmission of a 640 Gbit/s signal over 6x80 km of dispersion-managed fibre. The signal was generated using a combination of DQPSK modulation, OTDM technology and polarisation multiplexing.

We3.2.3 14:45 – 15:00
Single–Channel 170 Gbit/s Transmission up to 4000 km using Dispersion–Managed Fibre Spans and all–Raman Amplification
S Weisser, L Raddatz, A Benz, Lucent Technologies , Germany , R Ludwig, S Ferber, C Boerner, H G Weber, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institut , Germany
We demonstrate the first 4000 km, 170 Gbit/s DPSK transmission in a recirculating loop using dispersion–managed Fibre spans and all–Raman amplification. Bit error rates of 2·10-9 (1920 km) and 5·10-5 (4320 km) were obtained (less than 10-12 after FEC).

We3.2.4 15:00 - 15:15
160 Gbit/s OTDM Channel Identification using Optical Phase Index with 40 Gbit/s Clock Recovery Circuit
M Kagawa , H Murai , H Tsuji , K Fujii , Oki Electric Industry Co. Ltd , Japan
A novel channel identifying technique of 4 x 40 Gbit/s OTDM signal using optical phase index and 40 Gbit/s clock recovery is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through 160 km transmission experiment.

We3.2.5 15:15 – 15:30
160 Gbit/s Single Channel Data Generation using Multilevel Optical RZ-DPSK-ASK Modulation and Optical Time Division Multiplexing
T Tokle , L K Oxenløwe , J Seoane , A T Clausen , P Jeppesen , Research Center COM , Denmark
We propose and demonstrate the use of double modulation in optical time division multiplexing systems to upgrade the bit rate of a data channel to a single-wavelength, single-polarisation 160 Gbit/s data stream.

We3.2.6 15:30 – 15:45
298 Gbit/s Coherent WDM Transmission Over 80 km of SMF at 1 bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency
F C Garcia Gunning , T Healy , A D Ellis , Photonic Systems Group, Tyndall National Institute / UCC , Ireland
This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of transmission over 80 km of SMF-28 for a 298.2 Gbit/s CoWDM system, with a spectral efficiency of 1 bit/s/Hz.

Argyll Suite

We3.3– WDM PON Approaches
Chair: Stephane Gosselin, France Telecom R&D/RTA, France

We3.3.1 14:00 – 14:15
A New Bidirectional WDM-PON Using DWDM Channels Generated by Optical Carrier Suppression and Separation Technique
O Akanbi , J Yu , G K Chang , Georgia Institute of Technology , United States
We propose a new bidirectional DWDM-based passive optical network using optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technique to generate both upstream and downstream wavelength channels from a single laser. Symmetric 10Gb/s x 16 transmission has been demonstrated.

We3.3.2 14:15 – 14:30
Coherent WDM-PON using Directly Modulated Local Laser for Simple Heterodyne Transceiver
S Narikawa , H Sanjoh , N Sakurai , K Kumozaki , T Imai , NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories , Japan
We propose a WDM-PON based on heterodyne detection that uses one directly modulated local laser for both transmitting and receiving to provide a cost-effective WDM access system. We demonstrate the BER performance of the system.

We3.3.3 14:30 – 14:45
Direct-Modulated Upstream Signal Transmission Using a Self-Injection Locked F-P LD for WDM-PON
S Hann , T-Y Kim , C-S Park , GIST , South Korea
We present a direct-modulated upstream signal transmission for low-cost WDM-PON implementation. Using self-injection locked F-P LD, direct-modulated widely tunable wavelength sources were achieved over 10km at 1.25Gbit/s line rates with code mark inversion interface.

We3.3.4 14:45 – 15:00
Colourless Operation of WDM-PON based on Wavelength Locked Fabry-Perot Laser Diode
K M Choi , C H Lee , KAIST , South Korea
We implement the wavelength locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) using a new broadband light source (BLS) based on the mutually injected F-P LDs. We demonstrate colorless operation of optical network termination (ONT) according to reflectivity of F-P LD and modulation formats.

We3.3.5 15:00 – 15:15
Gigabit Optical Access using WDM PON based on Spectrum Slicing and Reflective SOA
F Payoux , P Chanclou, M Moignard, France Telecom R&D , France, R Brenot, Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab , France
We report on the experimental results of a low cost 40 users WDM PON providing 1.25 Gbit/s per user. We focus on the upstream path using spectrum slicing of a SLED at the OLT and remote modulation at the colorless ONU with a Reflective SOA. Bidirectionnal transmission over 20 km is demonstrated.

We3.3.6 15:15 – 15:30
WDM-PON system based on the Laser Light Injected Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
S-J Park, G-Y Kim, T Park, E-H Choi, KT, South Korea , S-H Oh, Y S Baek, K-R Oh, Y-J Park, J-U Shin, H-K Sung, ETRI, South Korea
This paper proposes a WDM-PON system employing the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier(R-SOA) which is injected by the external cavity laser fabricated by the hybrid integration technology. The transmission performance was measured for 1.25Gbps.

We3.3.7 15:30 – 15:45
Spectrally Pre-composed ASE Injection for a Wavelength-seeded Reflective SOA in a WDM-PON
H S Shin, D K Jung, H S Kim, D J Shin, S B Park, S T Hwang, Y J Oh, C S Shim, Samsung Electronics , South Korea
Spectrally pre-composed ASE injection is proposed for a wavelength-seeded R-SOA in a WDM-PON. Noise characteristics and BER performances of the R-SOA output with and without pre-composition of the ASE injection were analysed and evaluated experimentally.

Forth Room

We3.4 – Speciality Fibres
Chair: Patrice Megret, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Belgium

We3.4.1 14:00 – 14:30
Invited - Specialty Fibres for Optical Signal Processing
A A Sysoliatin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
The single mode fibres with chromatic dispersion varying along the length are attracting a considerable attention due to their value for optical soliton processing and possible applications in next generation communication systems.

We3.4.2 14:30 – 14:45
Study of Down-Sized Silica Highly Non-Linear Fibre
M Takahashi , Y Mimura , J Hiroishi , R Sugizaki , M Sakano , T Yagi , Furukawa Electric , Japan
Theoretical limit of reducing cladding diameter for HNLF have been obtained by finite element method (FEM) and mechanical strength of glass. Simulation results are confirmed by trial coin sized HNLF modules using over 200m of 56um HNLF.

We3.4.3 14:45 – 15:00
Comparison of Kerr Nonlinearity Figure-of-Merit Including Stimulated Brillouin Scattering for Bismuth Oxide- and Silica-based Nonlinear Fibres
J H Lee, T Tanemura, University of Tokyo , Japan, T Nagashima, T Hasegawa, S Ohara, N Sugimoto, K Kikuchi, Asahi Glass Co, Ltd , Japan
We introduce a new figure-of-merit (FOM) including the pump-power limit associated with stimulated Brillouin scattering for Kerr-nonlinearity efficiency evaluation of optical fibres. This FOM shows that Bi2O3-based nonlinear-fibres have better Kerr-nonlinearity efficiency than silica-based ones.

We3.4.4 15:00 - 15:15
Temperature of Optical Discharge under Action of Laser Radiation in Silica-Based Fibres
E M Dianov, I A Bufetov, A E Rakitin, M A Melkumov, A A Frolov, Fiber Optics Research Center , Russia, V E Fortov, V P Efremov, M I Kulish , Institute for High Energy Density , Russia
For the first time the temperature of optical discharge was measured for a wide range of laser radiation powers. For 40W laser power the temperature reached 10,000K, velocity of discharge propagation having increased to 10m/s.

We3.4.5 15:15 – 15:30
Optical Fibres Resilient to Failure in Bending under High Power
I M Davis, G S Glaesemann, S Ten, M J Winningham, Corning Optical Fibre , United States
A coating solution is described that effectively eliminates the failure mode of optical fibre caused by the simultaneous effects of high power and tight bending. Optimised variation of the coating solution is also considered.

We3.4.6 15:30 – 15:45
High Energy (nanojoule) Femtosecond Pulse Delivery with Highly Dispersive Higher Order Mode Fibres
S Ramachandran, M F Yan, J Jasapara, P Wisk, S Ghalmi, E Monberg, F V Dimarcello, OFS Laboratories , United States
We utilise the highly dispersive nature of the LP02 mode (Dispersion~ -900ps/nm-km) to enable SPM-distortion free fs-pulse propagation in a small Aeff Fibre (18 um2). This facilitates delivery of sub-150-fs, 1-nJ, 840-nm pulses – an order of magnitude improvement over SMF of similar Aeff.

Alsh Room

We3.5 – All-Optical Signal Processing
Chair: Andrew Lord, BT, United Kingdom

We3.5.1 14:00 – 14:30
Invited - Semiconductor Devices for All-optical Signal Processing
Alistair Poustie, Centre for Integrated Photonics (CIP), United Kingdom
All-optical signal processing has been made practical by the use of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) devices to realise integrated all-optical switching gates. Recent advances in SOA based devices and their performance is described.

We3.5.2 14:30 – 14:45
All-Optical OTDM Demultiplexing in a High-Yield Manufacturable Monolithic 3-bandgap SOA-MZI Switch by Regrowth-Free Selective Area MOVPE
X Song , F Yi , H Song , M Sugiyama , Y Nakano , The University of Tokyo , Japan
All-optical OTDM demultiplexing was achieved in a manufacturable MZI SOA switch. Three bandgaps were monolithically integrated with high-yield multi-bandgap selective-area-MOVPE. This is the first demonstration of dynamic all-optical signal processing at 80Gbps in bandgap-engineered devices.

We3.5.3 14:45 – 15:00
2R Regeneration in a Novel Ultra-Compact Integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
D Reading-Picopoulos , E Moll , Y J Chai , X Zhao , K Williams , R V Penty , I H White , University of Cambridge , United Kingdom
A novel integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, based on an ultra-compact crosspoint structure employing semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed and its regenerative properties investigated. We demonstrate ER and OSNR improvements of 8.81dB and 5.0dB respectively at 10GHz

We3.5.4 15:00 – 15:15
Highly-Efficient Optical Sampling of a 100Gbit/s OTDM Data Signal via Two-Photon Absorption in a Semiconductor Microcavity
P J Maguire, L P Barry, Dublin City University , Ireland, T Krug, J O'Dowd, M Lynch, A L Bradley, J F Donegan, Trinity College Dublin , Ireland, H Folliot, INSA , France
By incorporating a semiconductor microcavity device, a highly-efficient Two-Photon Absorption based sampling system, with a system sensitivity of 0.009mW^2 and temporal resolution <500fs is presented.

We3.5.5 15:15 – 15:30
Filtering-Assisted Cross-Phase Modulation in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Enabling 320 Gb/s Clock Recovery
L K Oxenløwe , D Zibar , M Galili , A T Clausen , L J Christiansen , P Jeppsen , Research Center COM , Denmark
We present a novel scheme for optical clock recovery relying on ultra-fast phase modulation in an SOA, enabling locking to single-channel bit rates as high as 320 Gbit/s. Timing resolution and jitter issues are presented.

We3.5.6 15:30 – 15:45
Widely Pulsewidth-Tunable Multiwavelength Optical Pulse Generator with a Single SOA-Based Delayed Interferometric Switch
M Matsuura, N Kishi, T Miki, University of Electro-Communications , Japan
W e have demonstrated a pulsewidth-tunable multiwavelength pulse generation by a SOA-based switch. By adjusting the pulsewidth, the transmission performances of the generated signals can be improved in comparison with the conventional RZ and NRZ signals.

Boisdale Room

We3.6 – Photodetectors and Optical Receivers
Chair: Harm Dorren, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

We3.6.1 14:00 – 14:15
Highly Productive and Reliable 10 Gb/s AlInAs Avalanche Photodiodes
E Yagyu, Y Tokuda, Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Japan, E Ishimura, M Nakaji, T Aoyagi, High Frequency & Optical Device Works, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Japan
A new planar-type APD having an AlInAs multiplication layer was realised with high productivity and superior performance, which is sufficient for practical use in 10 Gb/s optical communications.

We3.6.2 14:15 – 14:30
Novel Method to Determine the Unity Gain Responsivity of Avalanche Photodiodes
H Kamiyama, T Toyonaka, K Motoda, Y Sakuma, K Okamoto, Opnext Japan Inc , Japan, S Tanaka, S Fujisaki, S Tsuji, Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd , Japan
A novel method to determine the unity gain responsivity of high-speed avalanche photodiode was proposed. It helps clarifying our APDs with thin InAlAs multiplication layer has achieved GB product over 172 GHz.

We3.6.3 14:30 – 15:00
Invited - High-Speed Photodetectors
J C Campbell, S Demiguel, N Li, University of Texas at Austin, United States
Multimode waveguide evanescently-coupled photodiode structures have been developed to achieve high-speed while maintaining high responsivity. Conventional p-i-n, high-power partially depleted absorber, and separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes have been incorporated into this waveguide photodiode structure .

We3.6.4 15:00 – 15:15
Integrated Limiting Balanced Photoreceiver for 43 Gbit/s DPSK Transmission
A Umbach, C Schramm, G Jacumeit, u2t Photonics AG , Germany, J H Sinsky, A L Adamiecki, Lucent Techonolgies Inc, Bell Laboratories , United States, A Benz, P Paschke, Lucent Technologies Network Systems GmbH , Germany
A novel limiting balanced photoreceiver comprising a dual photodiode chip and a SiGe based limiting amplifier achieves a 12.9 dB OSNR sensitivity at 0 dBm optical input power providing significant cost savings due to reduced optical pre-amplification.

We3.6.5 15:15 – 15:30
Filtering and High-Speed Switching Characteristics of a C-band Rapidly Tunable Wavelength-Selective MSM Detector
P Ebrahimi , A E Willner, University of Southern California , United States, R Chen, D A B Miller, Stanford University , United States
We have developed an MSM based, electrically controlled, rapidly tunable photodetector in C- band with switching access time of 13.8 ns. We achieve 1Gb/s error free transmission and show <±5 ps Group delay ripple.

We3.6.6 15:30 – 15:45
Spectral Encoding and Decoding of Monolithic InP OCDMA Encoder
J Cao, R G Broeke, C Ji, Y Du, N Chubun, P Bjeletich, T Tekin, S J B Yoo, University of California , United States, P L Stephan, F Olsson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , United States, S Lourdudoss, Royal Institute of Technology , Sweden
We report the optical-coding operation of monolithic, ultra-compact optical-CDMA encoder and decoder pair, consisting of InP based integrated AWGs and phase modulators. The encoder and decoder successfully demonstrate eight-bit Walsh code based encoding and decoding.